Your airplane may not have these systems (manifold pressure and landing gear indicator etc., but eventually at the Commercial level, the following acronym is better to memorize . . .
•TOMATOFLAMES
Tachometer
Oil Temperature Gauges
Manifold Pressure Gauge
Airspeed Indicator
Temp. (for each liquid cooled engine)
Oil Pressure Gauges
Fuel Gauges
Landing Gear Position Indicator
Altimeter
Magnetic Compass
ELT
Seatbelts
After 1996, Anti-collision light system required.
•Beyond these day VFR requirements, the nature of the flight may require further equipment. ie: Departing Long Beach requires radios due to Class D airspace and Mode C Transponder due to being within 30NM ring of LAX.
•Flotation gear for each occupant and signaling device if aircraft is operated for hire over water beyond power-off gliding distance from shore.
•Night Requirements = FLAPS
Fuses (Circuit Breakers). If fuses, 3 of each kind required.
Landing Light
Anti-Collision Light (Beacon)
Position Lights (Nav Lights)
Source of Power (Alternator or Generator)
Inoperative Equipment
•FAR 91.213 describes acceptable methods for operation of aircraft with inop equipment.
-Operation with Min. Equipment List (MEL) = specific inoperative equipment document for particular make/model of aircraft. Generally means plane can safely be operated within appropriate operations limitations, a transfer of function to another operating component, refernce to other instruments or components
-Operation without MEL = Plane may continue to be airworthy if inop equipment is not part of VFR-day type certification instruments and equipment, not indicated as required on the aircraft's equipment list, not required by FAR, not required by AD
INOP instruments or equipment must be removed from airplane with cockpit control placarded and maintenance properly recorded, or deactivated and placarded INOP.
Special Flight Permit
This may be done despite provisions listed in FAR 91.213. Given if aircraft cannot meet applicable airworthiness, but is deemed safe to fly to a base where repairs can be made etc. (FAR 21.197).
Obtaining Special Flight Permit - Contact FSDO with written request indicating
-Purpose of flight
-Proposed Itinerary
-Crew required
-Ways plane does not comply with airworthiness requirements
-Any restriction that is necessary for safe operation
-Other info considered necessary by FAA for purpose of prescribing operating limitations
Maintenance Records
Acronym: AV1ATE
Annual Inspection (conducted by A&P mechanic who also possesses an Inspection Authorization (IA) certificate
VORs - Checked every 30 days. This is primarily for IFR requirements.
100 Hour Inspection - Required for commercial (charter, flight training, other for-hire business). 100 hour inspection essentially same thing as annual. Can be exceeded by no more than 10 hours in order to transport aircraft to maintenance location where inspection can be performed. Those hours over the 100 hr work against the next 100 hour inspection. Further inspections may be required depending on specific make and model of aircraft.
Altimeter/Pitot-Static System - Must be checked every 24 calendar months
Transponder - Checked ever 24 calendar months
ELT - Inspected every 12 calendar months for 1) Installation, 2) Corrosion, 3) Operation of controls and crash sensor, 4) Sufficient signal radiated from antenna. ELT battery must be replaced after half its useful life has expired, or after 1 hour of cumulative use.
•Owner/Operator is responsible for maintaining airplane in an airworthy condition and for ensuring compliance with all pertinent ADs. Operator can include PIC.
•Preventitive Maintenance is minor or simple preservation operations. Allowed items are in 14 CFR Part 43, Appendix A(c)
Entries must include 1) Description (changed oil at 2,345 hours), 2) Date of completion of work, 3) Pilot's name, signature, certificate number, and type of certificate held
Airworthiness Directives (ADs)
Correction of unsafe conditions found in an aircraft, engine, or other component. 14 CFR 39 define authority. May be emergency ADs and require immediate compliance before next flight, or may have more leniency if they are less urgent.
•ADs are regulatory and must be complied with
Aircraft Documents
These should be checked at beginning of preflight to ensure airworthiness. The documents are as follows...
ARROW
Registration Certificate - Before being able to fly legally, it must be registered with the FAA Aircraft Registry. Cannot be used in foreign countries, if ownership is transferred, if certificate holder loses U.S. Citizenship, if aircraft is destroyed, or registration canceled by written request. If any of these occurs, must notify FAA in Oklahoma City. Recently, in an attempt to update their records, the FAA requires that all registrations be re-registered on a triennial basis.
Operating Manual (Flight Manual/POH) - This must be located in the aircraft and readily available. Its sections are typically . . .
1) General - Basic description of airframe and powerpant, dimensions, definitions
2) Limitations - Operating limitations (Airspeed, Manifold Pressure etc.), instrument markings, color-coding, placards
3) Emergency Procedures - Checklists prescribing recommended procedure.
4) Normal Procedures - Airspeeds for normal ops, checklists, engine-starting procedures etc.
5) Performance - Performance charts, tables, stall speeds in varied configurations, takeoff/landing distance data
6) Weight and Balance/Equipment List - Info required to calculate weight and balance data.
7) Systems Description - Describes operation in manner appropriate to pilot likely to fly that plane.
8) Handling, Service, and Maintenance - Recommended/Required inspections and maintenance
9) Supplements - Information necessary to safely operate aircraft with optional equipment, autopilot etc.
10) Safety Tips - (Optional) Cold weather operations, fuel conservation procedures etc.
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